1. The branch of Phonetics that studies the way in which the air vibrates between the speaker’s mouth and the listener’s ear is:
a) acoustic phonetics;
b) auditory phonetics;
c) articulatory phonetics.

2. Individual sounds of speech refer to:
a) segmental phonetics;
b) suprasegmental phonetics.

3. Speaker’s individuality, temporal provenance, social provenance, sex, age belong to:
a) phonetic style-forming factors;
b) incidental, concomitant features of the extralinguistic situation.

4. The phenomenon of hesitation is observed mostly in:
a) prepared speech;
b) spontanious speech.

5. The term “phoneme” is used to mean “sound”:
a) in its contrastive sense;
b) to describe sounds which are variants of a phoneme.

6. The principal allophones of the phoneme:
a) do not undergo any distinguishable changes in the chain of speech; b) occur under the influence of the neighbouring sounds in different phonemic situations.

7. The invariant of the phoneme considers such articulatory features that:
a) can be changed without affecting the meaning;
b) can not be changed without affecting the meaning.

8. The pronunciation error is called phonetic if:

a) an allophone of the same phoneme is replaced by an allophone of a different phoneme;

b) an allophone of the phoneme is replaced by another allophone of the same phoneme.

9. The narrow or allophonic transcription suggests:
a) special symbols for all the phonemes of a language;
b) special symbols including some information about articulatory activity of particular allophonic features.

10. The “mentalistic” or “psychological” phoneme theory was originated by:
a) D. Jones and L. Bloomfield;
b) N. Trubetskoy, R. Jacobson and M. Halle;
c) I. A. Baudain de Courtenay.

11. In modern Russian linguistic the following conception of phoneme is adopted:
a) “functional”;
b) “mentalistic” or “psychological”;
c) “abstract”
d) “physical”
e) “materialistic”.

12. The phonemes are to be said in contrastive distribution if:
a) they occur in different positions and never occur in the same phonetic context;
b) they occur in the same phonetic context.

13. Russian linguists widely use the following method of phonological analysis:
a) semantic;
b) distributional.

14. The term “accomodation” is used by linguists to denote the interchange of :
a) “vowel + consonant” type;
b) “consonant + consonant” type.

15. Loss of plosion is a result of:

a) the manner of articulation assimilation;
b) the lip position accomodation;
c) the position of the soft palate accomodation.

16. The problem of vowels in unstressed position is important for:
a) the Russian language;
b) the English language;
c) the both.

17. Grammatical forms of words and lexical units are distinguished by:
a) historical sound alternations;
b) stylistic sound modifications.

18. Careful articulation and relatively low speed are the features of:
a) informal speech;
b) formal speech.

19. The theory of muscular tension was introduced by:
a) O. Jespersen;
b) V. A. Vassilyev;
c) L. V. Shcherba;
d) R. H. Stetson.


20. The majority of linguists treat the syllable as:
a) a purely articulatory unit;
b) the smallest pronounceable unit which can reveal some linguistic function.

21. The structure of the syllable in English is mostly:
a) open;
b) closed.

22. English word stress is a phenomenon, marked by the variations of:
a) force and pitch;
b) quantity and quality;
c) all these factors.

23. In English word stress is:
a) free;
b) fixed.

24. Two equal stresses are typical for:
a) English;
b) Russian.

25. The terms of which level are more suitable for the aims of teaching:
a) of the acoustic level;
b) of the auditory level.

26. The nucleus of an intonation pattern is formed by:
a) all the stressed syllables of this pattern;
b) the last strongly accented syllable of this pattern;
c) the last two accented syllable of this pattern.

27. The falling tone is common for:
a) orders and commands;
b) general questions;
c) requests.

28. All the sections of the intonation pattern differentiate only:
a) grammatical meaning;
b) lexical meaning;
c) emotional meaning.

29. The initial unstressed syllables preceding the prosodic nucleus are called:
a) proclitics;
b) enclitics.

30. Pauses of perception are:
a) a silent stop on the phonation;
b) a sharp change of pitch direction