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ALFRED NOBEL

Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was born in Stockholm on October 21 1833. He moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. But soon he went bankrupt and returned to Sweden where Alfred began his study of explosives in his father's laboratory.

Alfred never went to school or University but studied privately and by the time he was twenty was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist. He could speak Swedish, Russian, German, French, and English. Like his father, Alfred was imaginative and inventive but he had better luck in business and showed more financial sense.

He was quick to see industrial openings for his scientific inventions and built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries, Indeed his greatness lay in his outstanding ability to combine the qualities of an original scientist with those of a forward-looking industrialist.

Nobel invented a new explosive, dynamite, to improve the peaceful industries of mining and road building but saw it used as weapon of war to kill and injure his fellow men. His greatest wish was to see an end of wars, and thus peace between nations. He spent much time and money working for this cause until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding works in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace is a memorial to his interests and ideals.