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                              Moscow

Founded in 1147 by Yury Dolgoruky, Moscow has become the largest political, administrative, economic and cultural centre in the country. Moscow is one of the world's  scientific and arts centres. It is the seat of the Academy of Sciences of Russia, the home of many colleges, thousands of schools, lots of research institutes. There are over 100 museums and exhibition halls, dozens of theatres, hundreds of cinemas and libraries. Moscow is rich in historical and architectural monuments.

The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. The cathedrals, palaces, towers and buildings of the Kremlin are remarkable museums containing unique exhibits associated with Russian history. The Czar Bell and the Czar Cannon are the sights that attract many tourists as well.

There are many towers in the Kremlin. The Spassky Tower is the tallest tower and it has become one of the symbols of Moscow.

Red Square is one of the most beautiful squares in the world. In the 17th century the square was called «red» which means «beautiful» in old Slavic. The square has witnessed many historic events. Here ceremonies, national celebrations and executions took place. In the centre of it you can see the Mausoleum near the Kremlin wall. On the south side of the square is St.Basil's Cathedral. In the middle of the 16th century St.Basil's Cathedral was built under Ivan IV (the Terrible) to celebrate the annexation of Kazan and Astrakhan. The Russian masters Posnik and Barma built this architectural masterpiece.

         The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is situated in front of the Cathedral.

         The monument was sculptured by Ivan Martos in classical style. It is devoted

         to the victory of 1612 war against the Polish invaders.

 

On the east side of the square is the largest department store of the capital. On the north side of the square is the Historical Museum. Its collection covers the Russian history from ancient times to the end of the 19th century.

Moscow is famous for its monuments. You can find here monuments to outstanding writers, poets, scientists, revolutionaries. Perhaps, the most beautiful is the monument to Pushkin, the great Russian poet. It is situated in the centre of Pushkinskaya Square. There are always many people around, some of them bring flowers to the monument.

The most popular museums in Moscow are probably the Pushkin Fine Arts Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery. The Pushkin Museum is situated in Volkhonka street. It has a fine collection of European painting and sculptures.  The Tretyakov Galleiy is famous for its unique collection of Russian art. Its founder, Pavel Tretyakov, began collecting the finest works of Russian artists in 1856. Thirty-six years later he presented the whole collection to the city of Moscow

1.When was Moscow founded?
2.Who was it founded by?
3. Why do we call Moscow a political centre?
4. What is the heart of Moscow?
5.What can we see in the Kremlin?
6. Do you think Red square is the most beatiful square in the country?
7. Can you explain what the name Red means
8. What is situated on Red Square?
9. What is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky devoted to?
10. Where is the Tomb of the Unknown soldier situated?
11. What is the Teatralnaya square famous for?
12. Is Moscow rich in momuments? What momuments in Moscow do you know?
13. What are the most popular museums in Moscow?
14. Where is Moscow University situated?
15. What sport facilities are there in Moscow?