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IGOR KURCHATOV (1903-1960)
1. Igor Kurchatov, a brilliant atomic physicist of our age was an outstanding organizer of research work. He united the forces of great scientific institutions for rapid solving essential scientific problems. He did much for establishing in the Soviet Union a powerful technical base, significant for the improved development of the atomic nucleus investigations.
2. I. V. Kurchatov was born in 1903, and in 1923 he graduated from Crimean University, physics and mathematics department. At Baku Polytechnic Institute he studied the electrical conduction of insulators. In 1925 he went to Leningrad and joined the Physico- Technical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
3. Initially he was interested in investigating electrical properties of crystals. This led Kurchatov to establish a new scientific field in the USSR, the study of electrical relations in materials possessing the quality of spontaneous polarization.
4. Nuclear physics drew Kurchatov’s attention in 1933. He did much for the development of this branch of physics in our country. For many years he headed the Atomic Energy Institute of the Academy of Sciences. He studied the nuclear fission, caused by neutron bombardment, nuclear chain reactions.
5. He was especially interested in the problems connected with the control of thermonuclear reactions and in their utilization for practical purposes. Under his supervision the Soviet Union’s first cyclotrons and atomic power stations were built. The atomic ice- breaker LENIN is also among his creations.