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The name Canada is believed to come from the Indian word Kanata, meaning "village" or "community". Now Canada is the world's second largest country after Russia and the largest country in the Western Hemisphere. The country is so wide that six distinct time zones lie within its borders. The capital of the country is Ottawa. Its currency is the Canadian dollar. The country's most important symbol is the maple leaf.
The populated southern areas of Canada have a moderate climate when in the north the climate is characterized by very long, cold winters with average temperatures far below freezing and cool summer months. The most humid areas are in the west, where winds from the Pacific Ocean bring a lot of rain.
Canada has a population of over 30 million, about 80% of which live in the south. Canada's largest metropolitan areas are Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver and Ottawa. The French were the first to settle in the country in large numbers during the 17th and early 18th centuries. People of British origin came to stay there mainly after 1763. As a result both French and English are official languages.
Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories, each with its own capital city. French Canadians are mostly concentrated in the provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick. They have kept not only their language, but also their own culture. Both Ottawa, the country's capital, and the largest city of Canada Toronto are situated in the province of Ontario.
The country is rich in natural resources: gas, oil, coal, gold, copper, iron ore, nickel, uranium, zinc, along with wood and water. It is one of the world's leaders in mineral export and agricultural products. Forests cover about half of Canada. Forests also give home to deer and caribou, squirrels, minks, skunks, mooses, beavers, black bears and other animals.
Canada is a constitutional monarchy. Elizabeth II, Queen of England, is also Canada's Queen and sovereign of a number of realms. The Queen is the head of state, and is represented in Canada by the governor-general.
Legislative power is vested in Parliament, which includes the Queen, the Senate of 104 appointed members and the House of Commons with about 300 elected members. National elections are held at least once every 5 years. The leader of the political party with the largest number of seats in the House of Commons usually becomes prime minister and forms the government.
There are three main political parties: the Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative Party, and the New Democratic Party.
Each of the provinces and territories administers its own educational system. Schools are operated by local education authorities and generally give 6 to 8 years of elementary and 3 to 5 years of secondary schooling. Among the largest universities are the University of Toronto (Toronto), University of British Columbia (Vancouver), University of Alberta (Edmonton), in which the language is English. Famous French language universities are the University de Montreal and the University du Quebec.