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People in countries outside the
British Isles often call the inhabitants ' of the United Kingdom
English. This is incorrect, for there are at least four main
nationalities, the English, the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish. These
four nationalities each have their own language and culture.


The population of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is almost fifty-six
million. A little more than seven million people live in the London
area. Britain is mainly an industrial country, and most of the people
live in large towns. The lands which produce nothing, especially the
hilly country in Northern Scotland, have almost no population.

Great Britain is highly
industrialized, this was the country in which the earliest
developments of modern industry took place.

London, the capital, is one of many
important industrial centers. Lots of things such as clothes, food,
planes and cars are made in and around London.

 Birmingham is the biggest town
in an important industrial area near the centre of England. Machines,
cars and lorries are made in this area. TV sets and radios are also
produced there.

Manchester in the north-west of
England is the centre of the cotton textile industry, one of
Britain's most important producers of computers and electronic
equipment.


Coal-mining is important in
South Wales, but many of the mines5 there have been closed. There is
much unemployment in South Wales today. A smaller industrial area is
situated in North Wales, where steel6 and chemicals are produced.



Ship-building is an important
industry in the United Kingdom. The main ship-building centers are
London, Glasgow in Scotland, Belfast in Northern Ireland and some
others.



Sheep can be seen in many parts
of England and Scotland, and there are a lot of cattle-farms and
farms where milk, butter and cheese are produced. But only half of
the food the country needs is produced by British agriculture.



Wheat is grown in the east of
England. Vegetables are grown in all parts of England, especially in
the south. Potatoes are grown everywhere on the British Isles.



Some kinds of fruit, especially
apples, can grow in the south where the temperature is higher and
there are more hours of sunshine than in the northern regions.