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The British Isles is the name for a collection of about 4000 islands, including Great Britain and Ireland. This name, the British Isles, is usually only seen on the maps.
Great Britain, known as Britain or GB, is the name for the largest of the islands in the British Isles. It includes England, Scotland and Wales. It does not include Northern Ireland or the Republic of Ireland.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a political term which includes England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. All of these countries are represented in Parliament of London.
Everybody from the UK is British, but be careful: only people from England are English. People of Wales think of themselves as Welsh; people from Scotland as Scottish; people from Northern Ireland as either British or Irish.
The first inhabitants of the British Isles were normandic Stone Age hunters. Between the sixth and the third century BC1, the British Isles were invaded be Celtic tribes: people from the land which is now the territory of France and Germany. During the next 1,000 years there were many invasions. The Romans came from Italy in AD2 43 and, in calling the country ‘Britannia’, gave Britain its name. The Roman invasion lasted four centuries and brought to Britain Christianity and all the achievements of Roman culture. But the Roman invasion was not peaceful. The tribes in Scotland never completely surrendered to the Romans. In Ireland and Scotland there remained the old Celtic way of life with its native customs and traditions.