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Английский язык
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ПОЖАЛУЙСТА ПОМОГИТЕ ПЕРЕВЕСТИ ПРОФФИСИОНАЛЬНО НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫLand use planning is the term given to public policy that directs how the land
in a community is used. The goal is to balance the needs of the people who live in
the area with the needs of the environment. This term is often used interchangeably
with urban planning.
At its most basic, land use planning determines which parts of a community
will be used for residential areas and which will be used as commercial areas. This
is called zoning. It also places a great deal of emphasis on transportation planning.
Transportation planning includes several components. Public transportation
is important in areas that have a dense population since, without effective public
transportation, automobile congestion would be so heavy that it would affect the
quality of life of the people in the area. Transportation planning also includes
designing roadways in the community, since properly designed roads can relieve
congestion and stress associated with commuting.
Once the basic zoning and transportation issues are resolved, land use planning
can expand in a variety of ways. The planner may design the physical layout of the
community, and determine the scale of development permitted in various areas.
Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. Such
information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land
use.
Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an aspect
of survival. Land helps people to survive. That’s why lands are very important
resources for men. Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside
assistance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives
in very small self-sufficient peasant communities. These people experience great
poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own survival. They have
a degree of economic independence.
The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable of providing for themselves,
directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the opposite situation – a high
level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend
upon the efforts and cooperation of many thousands of specialist workers, among
them land use planners. Land use planning is concerned with land cadastre, land
relations, land improvement, agriculture, soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography,
computer science, etc. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only
qualified but profoundly educated specialists.
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