The Working Conditions of Government Employees Every working person is concerned about opportunities for promotion, and civil service workers are no exception. They have the opportunity for promotion within each salary grade, their advancement depending upon whether their work is done at an acceptable level of competence. Furthermore, employees who show ability and efficiency can be promoted to a job in a higher grade. After a trial period of one year, most civil service workers have career jobs with a good measure of security. No government employee can be forced to join a labor union; nor can he be prevented from doing so. The choice is up to him. The membership of civil service employees in labor unions was long a matter of dispute. In 1889, however, postal workers took the first step and formed the National Association of Letter Carriers. At first, the activities of thi^ organization were sharply restricted. Then, in 1912, the Congress authorized the establishment of unions for federal employees, with the provision that no union would be permitted to strike against the government.

Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы по тексту:

1. Who is concerned about opportunities for promotion?

2. What does their advancement depend on?

3. What employees can be promoted to a job in a higher grade?

4. After what period do most civil service workers have career jobs?

5. Can membership of civil service employees in labor unions be forced by anybody? 6. What Association was formed in 1889?

7. Were the activities of the National Association of Letter Carriers restricted?

8. When did the Congress authorize the establishment of unions for federal employees?

9. Would union be permitted to strike against the government?