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1. Successful companies have to find ways of using their profits. Sometimes they develop new products or services, perhaps to diversify and enter new markets, but sometimes it is easier to take over other companies with existing products and customers. Acquiring a competitor in the same field of activity (horizontal integration) gives a company a larger market share and reduces competition. Companies can also acquire businesses involved in other parts of their supply chain.
2. One way to acquire part-ownership of a company is a raid, which involves buying as many of a company’s stocks as possible on the stock market. Because this increases demand, the stock price will immediately rise. A raid is unlikely to result in the acquisition of a controlling interest. More often, a company will launch a takeover bid. If the board of directors of a company agrees to a takeover, it is a friendly bid. If the company doesn’t want to be taken over, it is a hostile bid.