A1. Complete the following table using the words given below:
Must; mustn’t; can; can’t; have to; don’t have to; be allowed to; be not allowed to; should; shouldn’t; ought to; need; need nota

a) it is necessary or important
b) it is okay/ permitted c) it is a good idea (the correct thing to do)
d) it is not necessary
e) it is not okay/ it is prohibited f) it is not a good idea (not the correct thing)

A2. Choose the best form.
1. You mustn’t smoke in the classroom.
2. You mustn’t/needn’t make your report tomorrow.
3. (Formal) Whoever commits robbery shall/should be punished with rigorous imprisonment.
4. If you see anything unusual you shall/should call the police.
5. You shouldn’t/needn’t talk too loud; you’ll wake the baby.
6. You shouldn’t/needn’t talk so loud; I can hear you.
7. The doctor says you should/can stop smoking.
8. The doctor says you should/can go out.
9. We have to/must send these VAT forms back before the end of the month: we are required to do so by law.
10. You have to/must phone home: it’s urgent.
11. You cannot/mustn’t smoke here (you are not allowed).
12. You cannot/mustn’t smoke here (you are forbidden to).

A3. Make up sentences of your own to say what people must do, can do, must not do. Use different language structures.